Class 12 Secretarial Practice (SP) Notes

All 12 chapters

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Corporate Finance
  This chapter explains what corporate finance is, why it matters to a company, the two kinds of capital a business needs (fixed and working), and how...
• Chapter 2: Sources of Corporate Finance
  This chapter describes where a company gets its capital. It covers owned capital (shares and retained earnings), borrowed capital (debentures...
• Chapter 3: Issue of Shares
  How a company raises share capital: the kinds of share capital, methods of issuing shares, allotment rules and procedure, share certificates, calls...
• Chapter 4: Issue of Debentures
  Explains the laws and rules a company must follow when it issues debentures (Companies Act, Rule 18 and SEBI norms), the step-by-step procedure for...
• Chapter 5: Deposits
  Describes which companies may accept deposits from members or the public, the terms and conditions they must follow, and the step-by-step procedure...
• Chapter 6: Correspondence with Members
  Shareholders are the owners of a company and the Secretary links them with the Directors through letters. The chapter covers the care to be taken in...
• Chapter 7: Correspondence with Debentureholders
  Debentureholders are creditors who lend money to the company and earn fixed interest. The chapter explains the care to be taken in writing to them...
• Chapter 8: Correspondence with Depositors
  Deposits are a short term source of finance and depositors are creditors who earn fixed interest. The chapter covers the precautions in writing to...
• Chapter 9: Depository System
  Explains how securities are held electronically instead of on paper. Covers the benefits, the four constituents, key terms such as Demat, Remat and...
• Chapter 10: Dividend and Interest
  Explains what dividend is, its features, the legal rules for its sources, declaration and payment, unpaid dividend and the IEPF, modes of payment...
• Chapter 11: Financial Market
  A financial market brings together investors who have surplus funds and borrowers who need them. The chapter covers its functions, the money market...
• Chapter 12: Stock Exchange
  The stock exchange is the organised secondary market where already issued, listed securities are bought and sold. The chapter covers its features...